List of Duplicating Processes - Duplicating Processes

Duplicating Processes

Within each type, the methods are arranged in very rough chronological order.

• Methods of copying handwritten letters
  • Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper"
  • Letter copying book process

• Mechanical processes
  • Pantograph, manually operated, and can also enlarge or reduce the document

• Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching
  • Relief printing including woodcut
  • Intaglio (printmaking) or copperplate engraving
  • Planographic printing
  • Line engraving

• Printing/Applied ink methods
  • Printing press
  • Gelatin methods (also indirect method)
    • Hectograph
    • Collography, autocopyist
    • Chromograph, Copygraph, Polygraph
  • Flexography
  • Spirit duplicator (also Ditto machine, Banda machine)

• Lithographic processes
  • Transfer lithography
  • Anastatic lithography
  • Autographic process
  • Offset lithography
  • Photolithography

• Stencil-based copying methods
  • Papyrography
  • Electric pen, invented by Thomas Edison
  • Trypograph (also file plate process)
  • Cyclostyle, Neostyle

• Stencil-based machines
  • Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner)
  • Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner)

• Typewriter-based copying methods
  • Carbon paper
  • Blueprint typewriter ribbon
  • Carbonless copy paper

• Photographic processes:
  • Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying)
    • Breyertype, Playertype, Manul Process, Typon Process, Dexigraph, Linagraph
  • Daguerreotype
  • Salt print
  • Calotype (the first photo process to use a negative, from which multiple prints could be made)
  • Cyanotype
  • Photostat machine
  • Rectigraph
  • Airgraph (also V-mail)
  • Kodagraph autopositive paper
  • Kodagraph repro-negative paper
  • Diffusion transfer
    • Verifax, Copyproof
    • Photomechanical transfer (also PMT')
  • Duostat, duoprint
  • Retroflex (printing process)
  • Dual spectrum process
  • LightJet
  • Ozalid

• Chemical processes
  • Aniline process
  • Cyanotype (used for blueprints)
  • Diazotype (also whiteprint, ammonia print, or gas print)

• Heat-sensitivity methods
  • Thermofax (also thermography)
  • Eichner drycopy process
  • Adherography

• Electrostatic methods
  • Electrofax
  • Xerography, Photocopying

• Ultraviolet-sensitivity methods
  • APT process, for transferring drawings to animation cels

• Image scanning and digital printing