List of Australian Group Races - Group 1,2 and 3 Races

Group 1,2 and 3 Races

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Race Name
 Group
 Age
 Sex
 Weight
 Distance
 Racecourse
 Date
A D Hollindale Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1800 Gold Coast 2011-05-07
A J Moir Stakes/Schweppes Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1200 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
A J Scahill Stakes 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1400 Ascot 2010-12-11
AAMI Vase 2 3YO Open sw 2040 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
Adelaide Cup 2 Open Open hcp 3200 Morphettville 2011-03-14
Adrian Knox Stakes 3 3YO Fillies qlty 2000 Randwick 2011-04-09
Ajax Stakes 2 Open Open qlty 1500 Rosehill 2011-03-26
AJC Chairmans Handicap 2 Open Open hcp 2600 Randwick 2011-04-09
AJC Challenge Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1000 Warwick Farm 2011-03-27
AJC Derby 1 3YO Open sw 2400 Randwick 2011-04-09
AJC Metropolitan Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 2400 Randwick 2010-10-02
AJC Oaks 1 3YO Fillies sw 2400 Randwick 2011-04-16
AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 2000 Randwick 2011-04-23
AJC Sires Produce Stakes 1 2YO Open sw 1400 Randwick 2011-04-09
Alister Clark Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 2040 Moonee Valley 2011-03-18
All Aged Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1400 Randwick 2011-04-23
Angus Armanasco Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Apollo Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1400 Randwick 2011-02-19
Asian Beau Stakes 3 3YO+ Open hcp 1400 Ascot 2010-10-30
Auraria Stakes 3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1800 Cheltenham 2011-03-14
Aurie's Star Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1200 Flemington 2011-08-14
Australasian Oaks 1 3YO Fillies sw 2000 Morphettville 2011-03-26
Australian Cup 1 Open Open wfa 2000 Flemington 2011-03-12
Australian Guineas/Cadbury Guineas 1 3YO Open sw 1600 Flemington 2011-03-05
Autumn Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2011-02-12
A.V Kewney Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Flemington 2011-03-12
Belmont Sprint 3 2YO+ Open hcp 1400 Belmont 2011-06-11
Bill Ritchie Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1400 Randwick 2010-09-25
Birthday Card Stakes 3 3YO+ F&M qlty 1200 Rosehill 2011-03-26
Blamey Stakes 2 3YO+ Open sw+p 1600 Flemington 2011-03-12
Bletchingly Stakes 3 Open Open wfa 1200 Caulfield 2010-07-31
Blue Diamond Prelude C&G 3 2YO C&G sw 1100 Caulfield 2011-02-12
Blue Diamond Prelude Fillies 3 2YO Fillies sw 1100 Caulfield 2011-02-12
Blue Diamond Stakes 1 2YO Open sw 1200 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Bobby Lewis Quality 3 Open Open qlty 1200 Flemington 2010-09-04
Breeders' Classic 2 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1200 Randwick 2011-02-12
Brisbane Cup 2 3YO+ Open hcp 2400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-11
BTC Chairmans Handicap 3 3YO+ Open qlty 2020 Doomben 2011-05-14
BTC Cup 1 Open Open wfa 1200 Doomben 2011-05-14
BTC Sprint 3 Open Open qlty 1350 Doomben 2011-05-21
C B Cox Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 2400 Ascot 2010-12-18
C F Orr Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1400 Caulfield 2011-02-12
C S Hayes Stakes 3 3YO C&G sw+p 1400 Flemington 2011-02-19
Cameron Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1300 Newcastle 2010-09-15
Cantala Stakes/Emirates Stakes 1 Open Open hcp 1600 Flemington 2010-11-06
Canterbury Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1200 Canterbury 2011-03-19
Carlyon Cup 3 Open Open sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2011-02-12
Caulfield Autumn Classic 2 3YO Open sw 1800 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Caulfield Cup 1 Open Open hcp 2400 Caulfield 2010-10-16
Caulfield Guineas 1 3YO Open sw 1600 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Caulfield Sprint/Dodo Internet Sprint 2 Open Open hcp 1100 Caulfield 2010-10-16
Caulfield Stakes/Yalumba Stakes 1 3YO+ Open wfa 2000 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Champagne Classic 2 2YO Open sw 1200 Doomben 2011-05-21
Champagne Stakes 1 2YO Open sw 1600 Randwick 2011-04-23
Chatham Stakes 3 Open Open hcp 1400 Flemington 2010-10-30
Chelmsford Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1600 Randwick 2010-09-04
Chipping Norton Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1600 Randwick 2011-03-05
Colin Stephen Quality Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 2400 Randwick 2010-09-25
Colonel Reeves Stakes 3 3YO+ Open hcp 1100 Ascot 2010-11-13
Concorde Stakes 3 3YO+ Open qlty 1100 Rosehill 2010-08-28
Coolmore Stud Stakes 1 3yo Open sw 1200 Flemington 2010-10-30
Coongy Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 2000 Caulfield 2010-10-16
Craiglee Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1600 Flemington 2010-09-04
Craven Plate 3 Open Open wfa 2000 Randwick 2010-10-02
Crystal Mile 2 Open Open hcp 1600 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
Dane Ripper Quality 3 Open F&M qlty 1300 Eagle Farm 2011-06-04
Danehill Stakes 2 3YO Open sw+p 1200 Flemington 2010-09-04
Dato Tan Chin Nam Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1600 Moonee Valley 2010-09-11
Doncaster Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 1600 Randwick 2011-04-16
Doomben 10,000 1 Open Open wfa 1350 Doomben 2011-05-28
Doomben Cup 1 3YO+ Open wfa 2020 Doomben 2011-05-21
Doomben Roses 3 3YO Fillies sw 2020 Doomben 2011-05-21
D.C. McKay Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 1100 Morphettville 2011-04-16
Easter Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2000 Caulfield 2011-04-23
Eclipse Stakes 3 Open Open hcp 1800 Sandown 2010-11-13
Edward Manifold Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Flemington 2010-10-03
Emancipation Stakes 2 3YO+ F&M sw+p 1600 Randwick 2011-04-23
Empire Rose Stakes/Peters Classic 1 3YO+ F&M wfa 1600 Flemington 2010-10-30
Epsom Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 1600 Randwick 2010-10-02
Expressway Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Rosehill 2011-02-05
Flight Stakes 1 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Randwick 2010-10-02
Frances Tressady Stakes 3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400 Flemington 2011-03-05
Frank Packer Plate 3 3YO Open sw 2000 Randwick 2011-04-23
Fred Best Classic 3 3YO Open sw 1350 Doomben 2011-05-21
Frederick Clissold Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 1200 Rosehill 2011-02-12
Furious Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1400 Randwick 2010-09-04
Futurity Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1400 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Geelong Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2406 Geelong 2010-10-20
George Main Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1600 Randwick 2010-09-25
George Moore Stakes 3 3YO+ Open qlty 1200 Doomben 2010-12-11
George Ryder Stakes 1 3YO+ Open wfa 1500 Rosehill 2011-04-02
Gilgai Stakes 2 Open Open sw+p 1200 Flemington 2010-10-03
Gloaming Stakes 3 3YO Open sw 1800 Rosehill 2010-09-18
Gold Coast Guineas 3 3YO Open sw 1200 Gold Coast 2011-05-07
Golden Rose Stakes 1 3YO Open sw 1400 Rosehill 2010-08-28
Golden Slipper Stakes 1 2YO Open sw 1200 Rosehill 2011-04-02
The Goodwood 1 Open Open sw+p 1200 Morphettville 2011-05-07
Guineas Prelude 3 3YO C&G sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2010-09-18
Gunsynd Mile 3 3YO Open sw 1600 Doomben 2011-04-30
Hawkesbury Gold Cup 3 Open Open hcp 1600 Hawkesbury 2010-11-04
HDF McNeil Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 1100 Caulfield 2010-08-28
Herbert Power Stakes/Winning Edge Stakes 2 Open Open qlty 2400 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Hill Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1900 Rosehill 2010-09-18
Hobart Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2200 Hobart 2011-02-13
Hobartville Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 1400 Randwick 2011-02-26
Hotham Handicap/Saab Quality 3 Open Open qlty 2500 Flemington 2010-10-30
How Now Stakes 3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1200 Caulfield 2010-09-18
Hyderabad Stakes 3 3YO+ F&M sw+p 1200 Caulfield 2011-02-12
Hyperion Stakes 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1400 Ascot 2011-06-25
Ian McEwen Trophy 3 Open Open wfa 1000 Moonee Valley 2010-09-11
Inglis Mile 3 4YO+ Mares hcp 1600 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
Invitation Stakes/Dubai Racing Club Cup 1 Open Open hcp 1400 Caulfield 2010-09-18
JRA Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2040 Moonee Valley 2010-09-24
J J Liston Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1400 Caulfield 2010-08-14
Karrakatta Plate 2 2YO Open sw 1200 Ascot 2011-03-19
Keith F Nolan Classic 3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1600 Kembla Grange 2011-03-20
Kindergarten Stakes 3 2YO Open sw 1100 Warwick Farm 2011-04-09
Kingston Town Classic 1 3YO+ Open wfa 1800 Ascot 2010-12-04
Kingston Town Stakes 3 3YO+ Open hcp 2000 Rosehill 2010-09-11
Lady Of The Turf Stakes 3 Open F&M sw+p 1350 Doomben 2011-05-21
Launceston Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2400 Launceston 2011-02-23
Lee Steere Classic 3 3YO Open sw 1400 Ascot 2010-12-04
Lee Steere Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1400 Ascot 2010-11-06
Let's Elope Stakes 2 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400 Flemington 2010-09-04
Light Fingers Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw+p 1100 Randwick 2011-02-12
Lightning Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1000 Flemington 2011-02-19
Linlithgow Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1200 Flemington 2010-10-30
Liverpool City Cup 3 Open Open qlty 1300 Warwick Farm 2011-03-05
LKS MacKinnon Stakes/Melbourne Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 2000 Flemington 2010-10-30
Lord Mayor's Cup 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1615 Doomben 2011-05-21
Lord Reims Stakes 3 Open Open sw+p 2600 Morphettville 2011-03-05
Magic Night Stakes 2 2YO Fillies sw 1200 Rosehill 2011-03-26
Manikato Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1200 Moonee Valley 2010-09-24
Mannerism Stakes 3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Maribyrnong Plate 3 2YO Open sw+p 1000 Flemington 2010-11-06
Matriarch Stakes 2 4YO+ Mares hcp 2000 Flemington 2010-11-06
Matron Stakes 3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1600 Flemington 2011-03-12
Melbourne Cup 1 Open Open hcp 3200 Flemington 2010-11-02
Memsie Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1400 Caulfield 2010-08-28
Millie Fox Stakes 3 Open F&M qlty 1300 Rosehill 2011-02-26
Missile Stakes 3 Open Open wfa 1100 Rosehill 2010-08-07
Moonee Valley Cup 2 3YO+ Open sw+p 2500 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
Moonee Valley Oaks 2 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Moonee Valley 2011-03-04
Moonee Valley Stakes/Bill Stutt Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 1600 Moonee Valley 2010-09-24
Moonga Stakes 3 4YO+ Open sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2010-10-16
MVRC Champagne Stakes 3 3YO Fillies sw 1200 Moonee Valley 2010-09-24
Naturalism Stakes 3 Open Open hcp 2000 Caulfield 2010-09-18
Newcastle Gold Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2300 Newcastle 2010-09-16
Newcastle Newmarket Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1400 Newcastle 2011-03-17
Newmarket Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 1200 Flemington 2011-03-12
NJC Spring Stakes 3 3YO Open sw 1600 Newcastle 2010-09-15
Norman Carlyon Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Moonee Valley 2011-01-28
Norman Robinson Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 2000 Caulfield 2010-10-16
Oakleigh Plate 1 Open Open hcp 1100 Caulfield 2011-02-26
P J O'Shea Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 2400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-04
Pago Pago Stakes 2 2YO C&G sw 1200 Rosehill 2011-03-26
Perth Cup 2 3YO+ Open hcp 2400 Ascot 2011-01-01
Phar Lap Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 1500 Rosehill 2011-03-19
Premiere Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Rosehill 2010-09-18
Premier's Cup 3 3YO+ Open hcp 2200 Doomben 2011-05-28
Prince Of Wales Stakes 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Ascot 2010-10-23
QTC Cup 2 Open Open qlty 1200 Eagle Farm 2011-06-04
QTC Grand Prix Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 2200 Eagle Farm 2011-05-28
QTC Sires Produce Stakes 2 2YO Open sw 1400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-04
Queen Of The South Stakes 2 3YO+ F&M sw+p 1600 Morphettville 2011-04-16
Queen of the Turf Stakes 1 3YO+ F&M qlty 1550 Canterbury 2011-04-02
Queensland Derby 1 3YO Open sw 2400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-11
Queensland Guineas 2 3YO Open sw 1600 Eagle Farm 2011-06-11
Queensland Oaks 1 3YO Fillies sw 2400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-04
R J Peters Stakes 3 3YO+ Open hcp 1500 Ascot 2010-11-13
Railway Stakes 1 3YO+ Open hcp 1600 Ascot 2010-11-20
Randwick City Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 2000 Randwick 2011-03-12
Randwick Guineas 1 3YO Open sw 1600 Randwick 2011-03-12
Ranvet Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 2000 Rosehill 2011-03-19
Red Anchor Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 1200 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
Reisling Stakes 2 2YO Fillies sw 1200 Rosehill 2011-03-19
Research Stakes 3 3YO+ F&M qlty 1200 Rosehill 2010-09-11
Robert A. Lee Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 1600 Morphettville 2011-05-07
Robert Sangster Stakes 1 Open F&M wfa 1200 Morphettville 2011-03-26
Roma Cup 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Belmont 2011-05-28
Roman Consul Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 1200 Randwick 2010-10-02
Rose Of Kingston Stakes 2 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400 Flemington 2010-10-03
Rosehill Guineas 1 3YO Open sw 2000 Rosehill 2011-03-26
Rough Habit Plate 3 3YO Open sw 2020 Doomben 2011-05-14
Royal Sovereign Stakes 2 3YO C&G sw+p 1100 Randwick 2011-02-12
Rubiton Stakes 3 Open Open wfa 1100 Caulfield 2011-02-12
Run to the Roses 3 3YO Open qlty 1300 Rosehill 2010-08-14
R. N. Irwin Stakes 3 Open Open wfa 1100 Victoria Park 2011-03-14
SA Fillies Classic 3 3YO Fillies sw 2500 Morphettville 2011-04-09
SAJC Breeders' Stakes 3 2YO Open sw 1200 Morphettville 2011-03-05
SAJC Sires' Produce Stakes 3 2YO Open sw 1600 Morphettville 2011-04-09
SAJC Spring Stakes 3 Open Open wfa 1200 Morphettville 2010-08-14
Salinger Stakes 2 3YO+ Open Hcp 1200 Flemington 2010-10-30
San Domenico Stakes 3 3YO Open sw 1000 Randwick 2010-08-07
Zipping Classic 2 Open Open wfa 2400 Sandown 2010-11-13
Sandown Guineas 2 3YO Open sw 1600 Sandown 2010-11-13
Sandown Stakes 3 4YO+ Open qlty 1500 Sandown 2010-11-13
Sapphire Stakes 2 Open F&M sw+p 1200 Randwick 2011-04-09
Schillaci Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1000 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Shannon Stakes 2 3YO+ Open qlty 1500 Rosehill 2010-09-18
Silver Shadow Stakes 3 3YO Fillies sw 1200 Canterbury 2010-08-21
Silver Slipper Stakes 2 2YO Open sw 1100 Rosehill 2011-02-26
Sir Byrne Hart Stakes 2 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Eagle Farm 2011-04-30
Skyline Stakes 3 2YO C&G sw 1200 Canterbury 2011-03-12
South Australian Derby 1 3YO Open sw 2500 Morphettville 2011-05-07
Spring Champion Stakes 1 3YO Open sw 2000 Randwick 2010-10-02
St George Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1800 Caulfield 2011-02-26
Stan Fox Stakes 2 3YO Open sw 1400 Randwick 2010-09-25
Standish Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1200 Flemington 2011-01-01
Star Kingdom Stakes 3 Open Open hcp 1100 Rosehill 2011-04-02
Storm Queen Stakes/Arrowfield Stakes 1 3YO Fillies sw 2000 Rosehill 2011-04-02
Stradbroke Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 1400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-11
Strickland Stakes 3 3YO+ Open wfa 1800 Ascot 2011-07-09
Summer Cup 3 Open Open hcp 2400 Randwick 2010-12-26
Sunline Stakes 2 3YO+ F&M wfa 1600 Moonee Valley 2011-03-25
Surround Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1400 Warwick Farm 2011-03-05
Sweet Embrace Stakes 3 2YO Fillies sw 1200 Canterbury 2011-03-12
Sydney Cup 1 Open Open hcp 3200 Randwick 2011-04-23
T A D Kennedy Stakes/Coolmore Classic 1 Open F&M qlty 1500 Rosehill 2011-03-19
T J Smith Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1200 Randwick 2011-04-09
Tasmanian Derby 3 3YO Open sw 2200 Hobart 2011-02-05
Tattersall's Cup 3 3YO+ Open hcp 2200 Eagle Farm 2011-06-25
Tea Rose Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw 1500 Rosehill 2010-09-18
The BMW Stakes 1 3YO+ Open wfa 2400 Rosehill 2011-04-02
The Galaxy 1 Open Open hcp 1100 Randwick 2011-04-16
The Jansz 3 2YO Open sw+p 1200 Morphettville 2011-03-26
The Shorts 2 Open Open hcp 1100 Randwick 2010-10-02
The T J Smith 1 2YO Open hcp 1600 Eagle Farm 2011-06-11
The Thousand Guineas 1 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Caulfield 2010-10-13
The Vanity 3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1200 Flemington 2011-02-19
Theo Marks Stakes 2 3YO+ Open qlty 1300 Rosehill 2010-09-11
Thoroughbred Breeders Stakes 3 2YO Fillies sw+p 1200 Flemington 2011-03-12
Thoroughbred Club Stakes 3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1200 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Thousand Guineas Prelude 3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2010-09-18
Todman Stakes 2 2YO C&G sw 1200 Rosehill 2011-03-19
Toorak Handicap 1 Open Open hcp 1600 Caulfield 2010-10-09
Tramway Quality Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1400 Randwick 2010-09-04
Tristarc Stakes 2 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400 Caulfield 2010-10-16
Tulloch Stakes 2 3YO C&G sw 2000 Rosehill 2011-04-02
Turnbull Stakes 1 4YO+ Open sw+p 2000 Flemington 2010-10-03
Underwood Stakes 1 3YO+ Open wfa 1800 Caulfield 2010-09-18
Up and Coming Stakes 3 3YO C&G sw 1200 Canterbury 2010-08-21
Victoria Derby 1 3YO Open sw 2500 Flemington 2010-10-30
Victoria Handicap 3 Open Open hcp 1400 Caulfield 2011-04-23
Villiers Stakes 2 Open Open hcp 1600 Randwick 2010-12-18
VRC Carbine Club Stakes 3 3YO Open sw+p 1600 Flemington 2010-10-30
VRC Oaks/Crown Oaks 1 3YO Fillies sw 2500 Flemington 2010-11-04
VRC Queen Elizabeth Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 2500 Flemington 2010-11-06
VRC Sires Produce Stakes 2 2YO Open sw 1400 Flemington 2011-03-12
W H Stocks Stakes 2 4YO+ Mares wfa 1600 Moonee Valley 2010-09-11
W J Healy Stakes 3 Open Open qlty 1200 Eagle Farm 2011-06-25
W S Cox Plate 1 3YO+ Open wfa 2040 Moonee Valley 2010-10-23
W W Cockram Stakes 3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1200 Caulfield 2010-08-14
WA Champion Fillies Stakes 3 3YO Fillies sw 1600 Ascot 2011-02-12
WA Guineas 2 3YO Open sw 1600 Ascot 2010-11-13
WA Oaks 3 3YO Fillies sw 2400 Ascot 2011-03-26
Wakeful Stakes 2 3YO Fillies sw+p 2000 Flemington 2010-10-30
Warwick Stakes 2 Open Open wfa 1400 Warwick Farm 2010-08-21
WATC Derby 1 3YO Open sw 2400 Ascot 2011-04-02
WATC Sires Produce 3 2YO Open sw 1400 Ascot 2011-04-02
William Reid Stakes/Australia Stakes 1 Open Open wfa 1200 Moonee Valley 2011-03-25
Winter Stakes 1 Open F&M wfa 1400 Eagle Farm 2011-06-25
Winterbottom Stakes 1 3YO+ Open wfa 1200 Ascot 2010-11-27
Yallambee Classic 2 3YO Open sw 1200 Morphettville 2011-03-14

Read more about this topic:  List Of Australian Group Races

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    “There is nothing in the world that I loathe more than group activity, that communal bath where the hairy and slippery mix in a multiplication of mediocrity.”
    —Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977)

    “I am obliged to confess that I do not regard the abolition of slavery as a means of warding off the struggle of the two races in the Southern states. The Negroes may long remain slaves without complaining; but if they are once raised to the level of freemen, they will soon revolt at being deprived of almost all their civil rights; and as they cannot become the equals of the whites, they will speedily show themselves as enemies.”
    —Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859)