History
The old approach was over steep grades that hampered operations. In addition, extensive cuts and many other bridges were needed to cross various creeks and coulees. Past the St. Mary River crossing, several large cuts had been required. Large bridges were also required, including a 275 m (902 ft) trestle with a 61 m (200 ft) span west of the St. Mary River, a 183 m (600 ft) trestle at Eight-Mile Coulee and another of 274 m (899 ft) in length near Eight-Mile Coulee. At Sixteen-Mile Coulee there was a 244 m (801 ft) trestle, 40.5 m (132.9 ft) high with a 61 m (200 ft) truss span over the creek. The trestles on the original line out of Lethbridge totalled 4.5 km (2.8 mi).
Although the original route accomplished its purpose in allowing the CPR to rapidly complete the railway, it turned out to be expensive to operate. The original bridges were designed to last only about 10 years. The CPR decided, in 1905 to construct a completely new route on a better gradient to bypass the original line. The new line was built to the north of the Oldman River. It required two bridges, one located in Lethbridge—the High Level Bridge—over the Oldman River and another large bridge over the Oldman River again west of Monarch. This route eliminated many curves and reduced the grade from 1.2 percent to only 0.4 percent. It also saved 8.5 km (5.28 mi) of track.
Construction began in the summer of 1907. Clearing and grading the site, construction of piers, and placement of the footings progressed while the steelwork was being prefabricated. Raising the steelwork began in mid-August 1908. Once the steelwork reached track level at the Lethbridge end, it was possible to begin using a huge travelling crane called an "erection traveller". The traveller was built on site at a cost of $100,000. It was used to lower the steel beams and girders into place. The last girder was placed in June 1909 and riveting was completed in August 1909. Transport of the steel to the site required 645 railway cars while another 40 were needed to bring in equipment.
Read more about this topic: Lethbridge Viaduct
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