Leibowitz is a surname, and may refer to:
- Rabbi Henoch Leibowitz, head of the Rabbinical Seminary of America
- Isaac Edward Leibowitz, a fictional character in the novel A Canticle for Leibowitz
- Jacob Leibowitz, birth name of Jacob Frank, leader of a Jewish messianic movement in the 18th century
- Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz, birth name of Jon Stewart of The Daily Show
- Martin L. Leibowitz, a financial researcher and business leader
- Nechama Leibowitz, sometimes Nehama Leibowitz, a Bible scholar and Yeshayahu's sister
- René Leibowitz, (1913–1972) a French composer of Polish-Latvian origin
- Samuel Leibowitz, noted New York attorney who represented the Scottsboro Boys
- Sidney Leibowitz, real name of singer Steve Lawrence
- Victor Leibowitz, older brother of Steve Lawrence, husband to Shirley Leibowitz
- Yeshayahu Leibowitz, an Israeli thinker and Nechama's brother
- A Canticle for Leibowitz, a post-apocalyptic science fiction novel writer Walter M. Miller, Jr.