Timeline
| Date | Work mentioned | Details |
|---|---|---|
| c. 880s | Thorbjorn Hornklofi's Haraldskvæði, composed c. 900 (as preserved in the 13th-century Heimskringla) | The "Austkylfur" participate in the Battle of Hafrsfjord between Harald Fairhair, King of Norway, and a coalition led by King Kjotve of Agder; their women are divided as spoils of war among Harald's warriors. |
| c. 900 | Egil's Saga (13th century) | Thorolf Kveldulfsson defeated a large force of Kylfing marauders in northern Norway around this time. |
| c. 950 | Gesta Hungarorum, written 1100-1200 | Prince Taksony of Hungary hires mercenaries called Kölpények, probably identical with the Kylfings. |
| 970–972 | Gesta Hungarorum | Kölpények mercenaries serve in the Magyar army in support of Sviatoslav I of Kiev's Bulgar campaign. |
| c. 1000 | Runestones Sö 318, U 320, U 419, U 445 | Swedish runestones are erected bearing the personal name "Kylfingr". |
| 1010s | Russkaya Pravda, law code of the Kievan Rus' | Start of codification of Russkaya Pravda, which grants special rights and privileges to the Kolbiagi. |
| c. 1050 | Persian geographer Al-Qazwini reports the presence of Kylfings (who he called al-Kilabiyya) in Russia and discusses their interaction with Middle Eastern traders. | |
| 1070s–1080s | Byzantine chrysobulls | Koulpingoi are mentioned among other nations with contingents in the Byzantine army. |
| c.1100 | Gesta Hungarorum | Kölpények mercenaries still active in Hungary. |
| c.1150 | Landfræði, a geographical text by Icelander Nikolas Bergsson | Russia is referred to as Kylfingaland. |
| c.1400 | Bjarkarimur, a poem based in part on the lost Skjoldunga Saga | Mention is made of a berserkr from the "Land of the Kylfings." |
Read more about this topic: Kylfings