Kolmogorov's Definition
The structure function was originally proposed by Kolmogorov in 1973 at a Soviet Information Theory symposium in Tallinn, but these results were not published p. 182. But the results were announced in in 1974, the only written record by Kolmogorov himself. One of his last scientific statements is (translated from the original Russian by L.A. Levin):
"To each constructive object corresponds a function of a natural number k---the log of minimal cardinality of x-containing sets that allow definitions of complexity at most k. If the element x itself allows a simple definition, then the function drops to 0 even for small k. Lacking such definition, the element is "random" in a negative sense. But it is positively "probabilistically random" only when function having taken the value at a relatively small, then changes approximately as .
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