Johann Conrad Peyer (December 26, 1653 – February 29, 1712) was a Swiss anatomist who was a native of Schaffhausen. He studied medicine in Paris under Guichard Joseph Duverney (1648–1730), in Montpellier under Raymond Vieussens (1635–1713) and received his medical degree in 1681 at Basel. Later he returned to Schaffhausen to practice medicine. At Schaffhausen he performed research with Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620–1695), and Wepfer's son-in-law Johann Conrad Brunner (1653–1727).
in 1677 Peyer published Exercitatio anatomico-medica de glandulis intestinorum earumque usu et affectionibus, in which he describes the eponymous Peyer's patches. These anatomical structures are aggregated lymphatic nodules found in the lining of the small intestine. He was also the author of an important work on veterinary medicine titled Merycologia sive de Ruminantibus et Ruminatione Commentariae.
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“It’s extraordinary how we go through life with eyes half shut, with dull ears, with dormant thoughts. Perhaps it’s just as well; and it may be that it is this very dullness that makes life to the incalculable majority so supportable and so welcome.”
—Joseph Conrad (1857–1924)