Civil Service
He was educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh universities and joined the Scottish Office in 1976 to work in the Home and Development departments as well as in several other posts. He was the Private Secretary to the Minister for Home Affairs in 1979-80, and to both Malcolm Rifkind and Ian Lang in their capacity as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1989 to 1991.
He was appointed to the UK Cabinet Secretariat and then to the Prime Minister in 1999–2000 before being made Head of the Scottish Executive's Justice Department in September 2000.
Professor Gallagher was Director General for Devolution in the United Kingdom Government's Ministry of Justice, from 2007 to 2010, and was responsible for devolution to Scotland and Wales.
In 2008 he was appointed as Secretary of the Commission on Scottish Devolution established by the Scottish Parliament and the UK Government to discuss new proposals for reform of the constitution in Scotland and the powers of the Parliament and Scottish Government, including financial powers. It is commonly referred to as the Calman Commission. It published a final report "Serving Scotland Better" in June 2009, with recommendations to improve the fiscal accountability of the Scottish Parliament. The UK Coalition Government (2010-) announced its intention to legislate to implement those recommendations in its Coalition agreement in June 2010.
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