Jewish Ethnonyms
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This article lists the ethnonyms of the Jewish people in various linguistic contexts. See the article Jew, Jew (word) and the Footnotes for etymological and other information. This article does not cover ethnic slurs.
| Arabic | يهودي Yahūdī (sl.); يهود Yahūd (pl.) بني إسرائيل Banī Israel عبري ʕibrī |
| Armenian | հրեա hrea (sing.); հրեաներ (pl.); ջհուդ jhud (sing., pejorative) |
| Basque | Judu or judutar |
| Bulgarian | Евреин, evrein (masc.); еврейка, evreika (fem.); евреи, evrei (pl.); юдеи, yudei (pl., archaic) |
| Catalan | Jueu (masc. sig.); jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.); jueves (fem. pl.) |
| Chinese | 猶太人, Chinese, Traditional |
| 犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén | |
| Croatian | Židov |
| Czech | Žid (as a member of nation) or žid (as a confessor of Judaism) |
| Dutch | Jood |
| Ancient Egyptian | Possibly Habiru2; Ishrail (Israel, cf. Israel Stela) |
| English | Jews, see Jew (word)1 |
| Hebrews2 | |
| Israelites or Children of Israel3 | |
| Esperanto | Judoj. L.L. Zamenhof described himself as hebreo. |
| Estonian | Juut |
| Finnish | Juutalainen |
| French | Juif (masc.); Juive (fem.) |
| Galego | Xudeu (masc. sing.); Xudía (fem. sing.); Xudeus (masc. pl.); Xudías (fem. pl.) |
| Georgian | ებრაელი, Ebraeli |
| German | Jude (masc.); Jüdin (fem.); Juden (pl.) |
| Greek | Ἰουδαῖος, Ioudaios1 |
| Ἑβραῖος, Hebraios (from Evrei)2 | |
| Ἰσραηλίτης, Israelites (from Israel)3 | |
| Hebrew | יהודי, Yehudi (sl.m); יהודיה, Yehudia (sl.f);יהודים, Yehudim/Yehudioth (pl.) 1 |
| עברי, Ivri (sl.m); עבריה, Ivria (sl.f); עברים, Ivrim/Ivrioth2 | |
| בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael (pl.)3 | |
| Hindi | Yahudi |
| Hungarian | Zsidó |
| Icelandic | gyðingur (sl.) |
| Indonesian/Malay | Yahudi, Banī Israel |
| Irish | Giúdach |
| Italian | Ebreo (masc. sing.); ebrei (masc. pl.); ebrea (fem. sing.); ebree (fem. pl.) |
| Japanese | ユダヤ人, Yudayajin |
| Korean | 유태인, Yutae-in |
| Kurdish | Cihû, Mûsayî/مووسایی, Cûleke/جوله که |
| Ladino | djudio, Judio (singular) |
| los ebreos (the Jews) | |
| Latin | Iudaeus1 |
| Latvian | Žīds |
| Lithuanian | Žydai |
| Norwegian | Jøde |
| Ojibwe | Zhoodawi (from the French: judéité) or Joowiwi (from the English: Jew) |
| Persian | جهود or يهود -- Johud (Persian) or Yahūdī (from Arabic); former sometimes considered pejorative. |
| کلیمی, Kalimi (religious) a follower of Kalim Allah, also a euphemism for Johud. | |
| Polish | Żyd |
| Portuguese | Judeu ; judeus (masc. pl.); judia ; judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.) |
| Romanian | Evreu, israelit, jidov(archaic), ovrei (archaic and demeaning), jidan (highly pejorative) |
| Russian | Еврей, Yevrey (sl.); Евреи, Yevrei2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity (национальность - natsional'nost'); жид, zhid (masc. sing) (pejorative), жидовка, zhidovka (fem. sing.) |
| Иудей, Iudey (sl.); Иудеи, Iudei1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism. | |
| Serbian | Јевреј Jevrej |
| Slovak | Žid |
| Spanish | Judío (m. sing) Judía (f. sing) Judíos (plu) Judías (f. plu) |
| Hebreo (m. sing) Hebrea (f. sing) Hebreos (plu) Hebreas (f. plu) | |
| Israelita (sing) Isrealitas (plu) as in the Alianza Israelita Argentina. | |
| Swahili | Yahudi |
| Swedish | Jude |
| Tagalog | Hudyo, Israelita (both derived from Spanish) |
| Thai | คนยิว, khon yiu (from the English: Jew) |
| Tibetan | Yahutapa |
| Ukrainian | Єврей (sl.); євреї (pl.) |
| Vietnamese | người Do Thái |
| Turkish | Yahudi, Çıfıt (religious) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative. |
| Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, also a euphemism for Yahudi. | |
| İbrani, (ethnic) a Hebrew. | |
| Yiddish | איד,ייִד Yid1 (pronounced ) (sing.); ייִדן, Yidn (pronounced ) (pl.) |
Read more about Jewish Ethnonyms: No Longer in Use
Famous quotes containing the word jewish:
“For every nineteenth-century middle-class family that protected its wife and child within the family circle, there was an Irish or a German girl scrubbing floors in that home, a Welsh boy mining coal to keep the home-baked goodies warm, a black girl doing the family laundry, a black mother and child picking cotton to be made into clothes for the family, and a Jewish or an Italian daughter in a sweatshop making “ladies” dresses or artificial flowers for the family to purchase.”
—Stephanie Coontz (20th century)