James Pickard was an English inventor. He modified the Newcomen engine in a manner that it could deliver a rotary motion. His solution, which he patented in 1780, involved the combined use of a crank and a flywheel.
James Watt, who was a contemporary of James Pickard, circumvented the latter's patent by inventing an alternative mechanical device, the so called sun and planet gear.
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“To be radical, an empiricism must neither admit into its constructions any element that is not directly experienced, nor exclude from them any element that is directly experienced.”
—William James (1842–1910)