James Lloyd (1745–1820) was an American politician.
Lloyd as born at Farley (now Fairlee) near Chestertown, Maryland. He pursued classical studies and studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Kent County militia in 1776 and served during the American Revolutionary War. He was a general in the War of 1812 and he freed captive Francis Scott Key from Fort McHenry
Lloyd was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Henry and served from December 8, 1797 until December 1, 1800, when he resigned. During his term as senator, he played a major role in the creation of the Sedition Act of 1798, part of the notorious Alien and Sedition Acts. He engaged in the practice of law afterwards. James Lloyd died at Ratclift Manor, near Easton, Maryland, and is interred at Clover, the estate of his daughter, in Queen Anne's County, Maryland.
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