James Albert Bonsack

James Albert Bonsack (October 9, 1859, – June 2, 1924) was an American inventor who invented the first cigarette rolling machine in 1880.

Until then cigarettes had been rolled by hand. Readymade cigarettes were a luxury item, but became increasingly popular. The slow manual fabrication process—a skilled cigarette roller could produce only about four cigarettes per minute on the average—was insufficient to satisfy the demands in the 1870s. In 1875, the Allan & Ginter company in Richmond, Virginia offered a prize of US$ 75,000 for the invention of a machine able to roll cigarettes. Bonsack took up the challenge and left school to devote his time to building such a machine. In 1880, he had a first working prototype, which was destroyed by a fire while in storage at Lynchburg, Virginia. Bonsack re-built it and filed a patent application on September 4, 1880. The patent was granted the following year (U.S. patents 238,640 from March 8, 1881 and 247,795 from October 4, 1881). Bonsack's machine was able to produce 120,000 cigarettes in ten hours, (200 per minute), revolutionizing the cigarette industry.