Voivode of Moldavia
Ioan IV Potcoavă was one of the so-called Domnişori ("Little Princes"), named so because of a more or less based claims of belonging to Moldavian ruling families, thus exercising demands of the throne.
Claiming to be Ioan III Vodă's half-brother, he chased Petru V Şchiopul from the throne and resisted the first wave of violent Ottoman reaction. The Turks, their Wallachian vassal Mihnea II Turcitul and their Polish partner, King Stefan Báthory, managed to remove him. In the end, Ioan IV Potcoavă was taken prisoner and decapitated in Lviv.
Read more about this topic: Ioan Potcoava