Differences With Domestic Arbitration and Mediation
International arbitration is a significant variant of the practice in many countries of arbitration, from which it is derived and shares many features. It is not just the fact that international arbitration arises in the context of international contracts that makes it different. In the international dispute resolution community, it is widely accepted to be a different animal entirely, involving different practices and rules, and being represented by a different community of arbitrators and legal practitioners.
It is essential to draw a firm distinction between Arbitration and Mediation or Conciliation, which are both sometimes characterized as forms of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution). In countries where mediation is new or struggling to be introduced as a concept, this association has given rise to the misleading impression that mediation is a form of non-binding arbitration, with the arbitrator proposing or suggesting outcomes based on an assessment of the parties' rights. In fact, arbitration and mediation or conciliation are fundamentally different: the former is a binding determination of legal rights, the latter two forms of dispute resolution involve facilitated negotiation which aims at producing a consensual settlement. The one leads to a binding determination (arbitration), the other only in the event the parties agree to settle their dispute on mutually satisfactory terms (mediation).
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