Proponents
Proponents of instrumental reason counter that reason in and of itself cannot reach a conclusion on ultimate goals, using arguments of the type originated by David Hume, and that those who say it can are attempting to force a political decision by a more elaborate form of begging the question. The position is called moral nihilism and can lead to amoralism, if nonrational reasons for ultimate goals are dismissed.
Historically, French philosophy from the eighteenth century has generally been opposed to this concept while British philosophy has often accepted it.
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