Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome - Symptoms

Symptoms

IVCS presents with a wide variety of signs and symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose clinically.

  • Edema of the lower extremities (peripheral edema), caused by an increase in the blood pressure in the veins.
  • Tachycardia. This is caused by the decreased preload, causing the heart to increase its frequency.
  • In pregnant women, signs of fetal hypoxia and distress may be seen in the cardiotocography. This is caused by decreased perfusion of the uterus, resulting in hypoxemia of the fetus.
  • Supine hypotensive syndrome
Cardiovascular disease: vascular disease · Circulatory system pathology (I70–I99, 440–456)
Arteries, arterioles
and capillaries
Inflammation Arteritis (Aortitis) · Buerger's disease
Arterial occlusive disease/
peripheral vascular disease
Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis (Foam cell, Fatty streak, Atheroma, Intermittent claudication) · Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis · Arteriolosclerosis (Hyaline, Hyperplastic, oxycholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, trans fat)
Stenosis Renal artery stenosis · Carotid artery stenosis
Other Fibromuscular dysplasia · Degos disease · Aortoiliac occlusive disease · Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease · Erythromelalgia
Aneurysm/dissection/
pseudoaneurysm 		torso: Aortic aneurysm (Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Abdominal aortic aneurysm) · Aortic dissection · Coronary artery aneurysm head/neck: Cerebral aneurysm · Intracranial berry aneurysm · Carotid artery dissection · Vertebral artery dissection · Familial aortic dissection
Vascular malformation Arteriovenous malformation · Arteriovenous fistula · Telangiectasia (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)
Vascular nevus Spider angioma · Halo nevus · Cherry hemangioma
Veins
Inflammation Phlebitis
Venous thrombosis/
Thrombophlebitis 		primarily lower limb (Deep vein thrombosis) abdomen (Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd–Chiari syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Renal vein thrombosis) upper limb/torso (Paget-Schroetter disease, Mondor's disease) head (Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) Post-thrombotic syndrome
Varicose veins Varicocele · Gastric varices · Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae)
Other Superior vena cava syndrome · Inferior vena cava syndrome · Venous ulcer · Chronic venous insufficiency · Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
Arteries or veins Vasculitis · Thrombosis · Embolism (Pulmonary embolism, Cholesterol embolism, Paradoxical embolism) · Angiopathy (Macroangiopathy, Microangiopathy)
Blood pressure
Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease · Hypertensive nephropathy · Essential hypertension · Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) · Pulmonary hypertension · Malignant hypertension · Benign hypertension · Systolic hypertension · White coat hypertension
Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension

M: VAS

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