In the UK, an individual voluntary arrangement (IVA) is a formal alternative for individuals wishing to avoid bankruptcy.
The IVA was established by and is governed by Part VIII of the Insolvency Act 1986 and constitutes a formal repayment proposal presented to a debtor's creditors via an insolvency practitioner. Usually (but not necessarily), the IVA comprises only the claims of unsecured creditors, leaving the rights of secured creditors largely unchanged. Insolvency practitioners charge initial and ongoing fees that are in addition to the debt.
An IVA is a contractual arrangement with creditors and can be as flexible as an individual's own circumstances; they can therefore be based on capital, income, third party payments or a combination of these.
In this process, a debtor who has enough money left over after priority creditors and essential expenses, may be able to arrange an individual voluntary arrangement. (After taking independent advice, debtors with less serious problems may wish to consider a debt management plan).
The analogous procedure for businesses is the company voluntary arrangement.
Read more about Individual Voluntary Arrangement: Process, IVA And/or Bankruptcy, Scotland, Advantages and Disadvantages, The Roles of The Insolvency Practitioner
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