Imamah (Shi'a Twelver Doctrine) - Introduction

Introduction

Muhammad is reported to have said that the Islamic leadership is in Koreish (i.e., his tribe) and that 12 “Imams” shall succeed him. There is a difference of opinion within Sunni and Shiite sects as to whom Muhammad was referring. It is also important to mention that Muhammad stated, and this statement has been authenticated by Sunnis and Shiites alike, that “Whoever does not know the Imam of his Lifetime (Hadith of the Current Imam: i.e., recognizes same) has died the death of Ignorance”. Again, this statement has different interpretations and consequences with different Sunni and Shiite sects (or Schools of thought). The idea of a prophet appointing a successor is also found in the Old Testament where Joshua son of Nun is declared Moses’ successor or manager of his affairs after his death.

Muslims believe that God has appointed certain members of humankind to be the leaders of those who believe in God and practise God’s religion. When God’s prophet has taught the people the religion, he will then appoint a leader, in accordance with God’s orders, to guide believers towards perfection.

  • The Imam is created in the best shape and form.
  • Before conception, the preceding the Imam is sent through an heavenly syrup which he drinks.
  • The Imam is born pure and circumcised. (93:5)
  • The Imam's mother experiences light and noises before the birth of the Imam.
  • The Imam is created from sublime water and his spirit is created from a matter above that.
  • The Imam hands over the books, knowledge and weapons to his successor.
  • The Imam is the treasure of God's knowledge in the heavens and earth. (11:2)
  • The Imam is informed by God what he intends to know. (46:3)
  • He inherited the knowledge of future events. (48:1)
  • He is learned than Moses and al-Khidr, who possessed the knowledge of the past only. (48:1)
  • His knowledge is from three directions: past, present and future. (50:1)
  • He can inform about what is going to happen the next day. (62:7)
  • He is endowed with a secret from the secrets of God, knowledge from the knowledge of God. (102:5)

Shias believe that just as Moses appointed Aaron as his successor (Hadith of position), in accordance with God’s order, Muhammad, the final prophet, appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib to be the leader of the believers.

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