Causes
- Renal tubular acidosis failure of HCO3- resorption(i.e., proximal renal tubular acidosis, or overdose of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) or failure of H+ secretion (i.e. in distal renal tubular acidosis)
- Renal failure
- Gastrointestinal loss of HCO3- with diarrhea (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic alkalosis).
- Ingestions
- Ammonium chloride, Hydrochloric acid
- Hyperalimentation fluids (i.e., total parenteral nutrition)
- Zonisamide
- Acetazolamide
- Alcohol (such as ethanol) can affect anion gap by inducing alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme.
Read more about this topic: Hyperchloremic Acidosis