National Spacefaring Attempts
- This section list all nations which have the technologies to travel into space. This should not to be confused with nations with citizens who have traveled into space including space tourists, flown or intended to fly by foreign country's or non-domestic private space systems – these are not counted as national spacefaring attempts in this list.
| Nation/Organization | Space agency | Term(s) for space human | First launched astronaut | Date | Spacecraft | Launcher | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) |
Soviet space program (OKB-1 Design Bureau) |
космонавт (Russian) kosmonavt cosmonaut |
Yuri Gagarin | April 12, 1961 | Vostok spacecraft | Vostok | Orbital |
| United States of America | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | astronaut spaceflight participant |
Alan Shepard (suborbital) | May 5, 1961 | Mercury spacecraft | Redstone | Suborbital |
| United States of America | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | astronaut spaceflight participant |
John Glenn (orbital) | February 20, 1962 | Mercury spacecraft | Atlas LV-3B | Orbital |
| People's Republic of China | Space program of the People's Republic of China | 宇航员 (Chinese) yǔhángyuán 航天员 (Chinese) hángtiānyuán taikonaut |
... | 1973 (abandoned) | Shuguang 1 | Long March 2A | |
| People's Republic of China | Space program of the People's Republic of China | 宇航员 (Chinese) yǔhángyuán 航天员 (Chinese) hángtiānyuán |
... | 1981 (abandoned) | Piloted FSW | Long March 2 | |
| European Union | CNES / European Space Agency (ESA) | spationaute (French) astronaut |
... | 1992 (abandoned) | Hermes | Ariane V | |
| Ba'athist Iraq (1968-2003) |
... | رجل فضاء (Arabic) rajul faḍāʼ رائد فضاء (Arabic) rāʼib faḍāʼ ملاح فضائي (Arabic) mallāḥ faḍāʼiy |
... | 2001 (abandoned) | ... | Tammouz 2 or 3 | |
| State of Japan | National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) | 宇宙飛行士 (Japanese) uchūhikōshi |
... | 2003 (abandoned) | HOPE-X | H-II | |
| People's Republic of China | China National Space Administration (CNSA) | 太空人 (Chinese) tàikōng rén 宇航员 (Chinese) yǔhángyuán 航天员 (Chinese) hángtiānyuán |
Yang Liwei | October 15, 2003 | Shenzhou spacecraft | Long March 2F | Orbital |
| Republic of India | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) | vyomanaut gaganaut aakashagaami आकाशगामि: (Sanskrit) brahmāndagaami ब्रह्मान्डगामि: (Sanskrit) antarikshyaatri अन्तरिक्षयात्रि: (Sanskrit) |
... | 2016 (approved) | Orbital Vehicle (OV) | GSLV Mk II | |
| Islamic Republic of Iran | Iranian Space Agency (ISA) | کیهان نورد (Persian) kayhan navard |
... | 2017 (planned) | ISA manned spacecraft | ... | |
| European Union | European Space Agency (ESA) | astronaut | ... | 2020 (approved conceptually but full development not begun) | ARV phase-2 | Ariane V | |
| State of Japan | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) | 宇宙飛行士 (Japanese) uchūhikōshi |
... | 2025 (planned) | HTV-based spacecraft | H-IIB |
Read more about this topic: Human Spaceflight
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