Hugh O'Neill may refer to:
- Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (c. 1550–1616), Irish chieftain who resisted the annexation of Ireland by Elizabeth I of England
- Hugh O'Neill, 1st Baron Rathcavan (1883–1982), Ulster Unionist politician who served as Father of the House of Commons
- Hugh Dubh O'Neill (1611–1660), Irish soldier who commanded the defenders in the Siege of Clonmel and Siege of Limerick
- Hugh O'Neil (born 1936), Canadian politician
- Hugh O'Neil (baseball), 19th-century baseball player
- Hugh O'Neill (artist) (1784–1824), English artist
- Hugh O'Neill (soccer) (born 1954), American soccer player
- Hugh John O'Neill (1898–1955), coadjutor bishop of Dunedin, New Zealand, 1943–1946
- Hugh O'Neill (Canadian football) (born 1990), professional Canadian football punter and placekicker