HMG-Co A - Ketogenesis Pathway

Ketogenesis Pathway

HMG-CoA lyase breaks it into acetyl CoA and acetoacetate.


Cholesterol and steroid metabolic intermediates
Mevalonate pathway
to HMG-CoA
  • Acetyl-CoA
  • Acetoacetyl-CoA
  • HMG-CoA
Ketone bodies
  • Acetone
  • Acetoacetic acid
  • beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
to DMAPP
  • Mevalonic acid
  • Phosphomevalonic acid
  • 5-Diphosphomevalonic acid
  • Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
  • Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl-
  • Geranyl pyrophosphate
  • Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Carotenoid
  • Prephytoene diphosphate
  • Phytoene
Non-mevalonate pathway
  • DOXP
  • MEP
  • CDP-ME
  • CDP-MEP
  • MEcPP
  • HMB-PP
  • IPP
  • DMAPP
To Cholesterol
  • Farnesyl pyrophosphate
  • Squalene
  • 2,3-Oxidosqualene
  • Lanosterol
  • Lanosterol
  • Lathosterol
  • 7-Dehydrocholesterol
  • Cholesterol
  • Lanosterol
  • Zymosterol
  • 7-Dehydrodesmosterol
  • Desmosterol
  • Cholesterol
From Cholesterol (to steroids)
  • 22R-Hydroxycholesterol
  • 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
Steroid hormones
Corticosteroids
(C21 pregnane)
Mineralocorticoids
  • Pregnenolone
  • Progesterone
  • Cortodoxone
  • Corticosterone
  • Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids
  • Pregnenolone
  • 17-Hydroxypregnenolone
  • 17-Hydroxyprogesterone
  • Cortisol
  • Cortisol
  • Cortisone
Sex steroids
Androgens
(C19 androstane)
  • DHEA
  • Androstenedione/5-Androstenediol
  • Testosterone
  • Dihydrotestosterone
  • DHEA sulfate
  • Epitestosterone
Estrogens
(C18 estrane)
  • Estetrol
  • Estrone
  • Estradiol
  • Estriol
Nonhuman
Phytosterols
  • Stigmasterol
  • Brassicasterol
Ergosterols
  • Ergosterol
  • Ergocalciferol

M: MET

mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m

k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon

m (A16/C10), i (k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)

M: END

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco (d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)
  • biochemical families: carbohydrates
    • alcohols
    • glycoproteins
    • glycosides
  • lipids
    • eicosanoids
    • fatty acids / intermediates
    • phospholipids
    • sphingolipids
    • steroids
  • nucleic acids
    • constituents / intermediates
  • proteins
    • amino acids / intermediates
  • tetrapyrroles / intermediates
Amino acid metabolism metabolic intermediates
K→acetyl-CoA
lysine→
  • Saccharopine
  • Allysine
  • α-Aminoadipic acid
  • α-Aminoadipate
  • Glutaryl-CoA
  • Glutaconyl-CoA
  • Crotonyl-CoA
  • β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
leucine→
  • α-Ketoisocaproic acid
  • Isovaleryl-CoA
  • 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA
  • 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
  • HMG-CoA
tryptophan→alanine→
  • N'-Formylkynurenine
  • Kynurenine
  • Anthranilic acid
  • 3-Hydroxykynurenine
  • 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
  • 2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
  • 2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde
  • 2-Aminomuconic acid
  • Glutaryl-CoA
G
G→pyruvate→citrate
glycine→serine→
  • 3-Phosphoglyceric acid
  • glycine→creatine: Glycocyamine
  • Phosphocreatine
  • Creatinine
G→glutamate→
α-ketoglutarate
histidine→
  • Urocanic acid
  • Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid
  • Formiminoglutamic acid
  • Glutamate-1-semialdehyde
proline→
  • 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
arginine→
  • Ornithine
  • Putrescine
  • Agmatine
other
  • cysteine+glutamate→glutathione: γ-Glutamylcysteine
G→propionyl-CoA→
succinyl-CoA
valine→
  • α-Ketoisovaleric acid
  • Isobutyryl-CoA
  • Methacrylyl-CoA
  • 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA
  • 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
  • 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
isoleucine→
  • 2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
  • 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA
  • Tiglyl-CoA
  • 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
methionine→
  • generation of homocysteine: S-Adenosyl methionine
  • S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
  • Homocysteine
  • conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine
  • alpha-Ketobutyric acid+Cysteine
threonine→
  • α-Ketobutyric acid
propionyl-CoA→
  • Methylmalonyl-CoA
G→fumarate
phenylalanine→tyrosine→
  • 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
  • Homogentisic acid
  • 4-Maleylacetoacetate
G→oxaloacetate
  • see urea cycle
Other
Cysteine metabolism
  • Cysteine sulfinic acid

M: MET

mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m

k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon

m (A16/C10), i (k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)
  • biochemical families: carbohydrates
    • alcohols
    • glycoproteins
    • glycosides
  • lipids
    • eicosanoids
    • fatty acids / intermediates
    • phospholipids
    • sphingolipids
    • steroids
  • nucleic acids
    • constituents / intermediates
  • proteins
    • amino acids / intermediates
  • tetrapyrroles / intermediates


Read more about this topic:  HMG-Co A

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