High-mobility Group - Families

Families

The HMG proteins are subdivided into 3 superfamilies each containing a characteristic functional domain:

  • HMGA – contains an AT-hook domain
    • HMGA1
    • HMGA2
  • HMGB – contains a HMG-box domain
    • HMGB1
    • HMGB2
    • HMGB3
    • HMGB4
  • HMGN – contains a nucleosomal binding domain domain
    • HMGN1
    • HMGN2
    • HMGN3
    • HMGN4
  • Sex-Determining Region Y Protein
  • TCF Transcription Factors
    • Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
    • T Cell Transcription Factor 1

Proteins containing any of these embedded in their sequence are known as HMG motif proteins. HMG-box proteins are found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms.

They were originally isolated from mammalian cells, and named according to their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels.

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