Derivation/Calculation From The Normal Form
Note: For simplicity, the following derivation discusses the 3D case. However, it is also applicable in 2D.
In the normal form,
a plane is given by a normal vector as well as an arbitrary position vector of a point . The direction of is chosen to satisfy the following inequality
By dividing the normal vector by its Magnitude, we obtain the unit (or normalized) normal vector
and the above equation can be rewritten as
Substituting
we obtain the Hesse normal form
In this diagram, d is the distance from the origin. Because holds for every point in the plane, it is also true at point Q (the point where the vector from the origin meets the plane E), with, per the definition of the Scalar product
The magnitude of is the shortest distance from the origin to the plane.
Read more about this topic: Hesse Normal Form
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