Treatment
In the case of preventing hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide, the use of aggressive hydration and the use of mesna, which neutralizes the toxicity of the cyclophosphamide-metabolite acrolein, may reduce the likelihood of developing hemorrhagic cystitis. Unfortunately mesna is ineffective as a treatment once hemorrhagic cystitis has developed. Although rare, once a case of radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis is diagnosed there is no empirically-proven treatments to heal this type of condition, which can severely degrade a patient's quality of life and might possibly lead to renal failure with risk of death.
Viral hemorrhagic cystitis in children generally spontaneously resolves within a few days.
The first step in the treatment of HC should be directed toward clot evacuation. Bladder outlet obstruction from clots can lead to urosepsis, bladder rupture, and renal failure. Clot evacuation can be performed by placing a wide-lumen bladder catheter at bedside. The bladder can be irrigated with water or sodium chloride solution. The use of water is preferable because water can help with clot lysis. Care must be taken to not overdistend the bladder and cause a perforation.
Read more about this topic: Hemorrhagic Cystitis
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