Origins
The modern population of E-M215 and E-M243 lineages are almost identical, and therefore by definition age estimates based on these two populations are also identical. E-M215 and its dominant subclade E-M243 —formerly Haplogroup 21 - are believed to have first appeared in East Africa about 22,400 years ago.
All major sub-branches of E-M243 are thought to have originated in the same general area as the parent clade: in North Africa, East Africa, or nearby areas of the Near East. Some branches of E-M243 left Africa many thousands of years ago. For example Battaglia et al. (2007) estimated that E-M78 (called E1b1b1a1 in that paper) has been in Europe longer than 10,000 years. And more recently, human remains excavated in a Spanish funeral cave dating from approximately 7000 years ago were shown to be in this haplogroup. Nevertheless, E-M243 represents a more recent movement of people out of Africa than haplogroup CT, which otherwise dominates human populations outside Africa. Underhill (2002), for example, believes that the structure and regional pattern of E-M243 subclades potentially give "reagents with which to infer specific episodes of population histories associated with the Neolithic agricultural expansion". Concerning European E-M243 within this scheme, Underhill & Kivisild (2007) have remarked that E-M215 seems to represent a late-Pleistocene migration from North Africa to Europe over the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. While this proposal remains uncontested, it has more recently been proposed by Trombetta et al. (2011) that there is also evidence for additional migration of E-M215 carrying men directly from Africa to southwestern Europe, via a maritime route. (See below.)
Read more about this topic: Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)
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