Hamza - Latin Representations

Latin Representations

There are different ways to represent hamza in Latin transliteration:

  • In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the sound of the glottal stop is represented by: ʔ.
  • There is a tradition of using ', the simple apostrophe, whereas a reversed one, or backquote, represents `ayn (ع).
  • Some standard transliterations such as DIN 31635, transliterate it with a modifier letter right half ring ʾ and others such as ALA-LC with the modifier letter apostrophe ʼ.
  • Different unstandardized symbols, as 2 in Arabic chat alphabet.

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