Numerals
Guanche numerals are attested from several sources, not always in good agreement (Barrios 1997). Some of the discrepancies may be due to copy errors, some to gender distinctions, and other to Arabic borrowings in later elicitations.
| Numeral | Recco (1341) |
Cairasco (song, 1582) |
Cedeño (c. 1685) |
Marín de Cubas (1687, 1694) |
Sosa (copy of 1678) |
Abreu (attrib. to 1632) |
Reyes (1995 reconstruction) |
Proto-Berber |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vait* | *be | ben, ven-ir- | becen~been, ben-ir- | ben, ben-ir- | been (ben?), ben-i- | *wên | *yiwan |
| 2 | smetti, smatta- | *smi | liin, lin-ir- | liin, sin-ir-~lin-ir- | lini (sijn) | lini, lini- | *sîn | *sin |
| 3 | amelotti, amierat- | *amat | amiet | amiet~amiat, am-ir- | amiat (amiet) | amiat | *amiat | *karad |
| 4 | acodetti, acodat- | *aco | arba | arba | arba | arba | *akod | *hakkuz |
| 5 | simusetti, simusat- | *somus | canza~canse | canza | cansa | canza | *sumus | *sammus |
| 6 | sesetti, sesatti- | ? | sumus | sumui~sumus | sumus | smmous | *sed | *sadis |
| 7 | satti | *set | sat | sat | sat (sá) | sat | *sa | *sah |
| 8 | tamatti | *tamo | set | set | set | set | *tam | *tam |
| 9 | alda-marava* | ? | acet~acot | acot | acot | acot | *aldamoraw | *tizah~tuzah |
| 10 | marava | *marago | marago | marago | marago | marago | *maraw~maragʷ | *maraw |
* Also nait, an apparent copy error. Similarly with alda-morana for expected *alda-marava.
Later attestations of 11–19 were formed by linking the digit and ten with -ir: benirmarago, linirmarago, etc. 20–90 were similar, but contracted: linago, amiago, etc. 100 was maraguin, apparently 10 with the Berber plural -en. Recco only recorded 1–16; the combining forms for 11–16, which did not have this -ir-, are included as the hyphenated forms in the table above.
Many dialects of Spanish do not distinguish and, so been is consistent with *veen. The Berber feminine ends in -t, as in Shilha 1: yan (m), yat (f); 2: sin (m), snat (f), and this may explain discrepancies such as been and vait for 'one'.
Cairasco is a misparsed counting song, besmia mat acosomuset tamobenir marago. Ses '6' may have got lost in the middle of somuset (< *somussesset).
Starting with Cedeño, new roots for '2' and '9' appear ('9' perhaps the old root for '4'), new roots for '4' and '5' (arba, kansa) appear to be Arabic borrowings, and old '5', '6', '7' offset to '6', '7', '8'.
Read more about this topic: Guanche Language