Controversy
Goodwin classified the Western Apache into five groups (based on his informants' views on dialect and cultural differences): White Mountain, Cibecue, San Carlos, North Tonto, and South Tonto. Other anthropologists, such as Albert Schroeder, consider Goodwin's classification inconsistent with pre-reservation cultural divisions.
Willem de Reuse finds linguistic evidence supporting only three major groupings: White Mountain, San Carlos, and Dilzhe’e (Tonto), with San Carlos as the most divergent dialect and Dilzhe’e a remnant intermediate member of a dialect continuum previously spanning the Western Apache language and Navajo.
Read more about this topic: Greenville Goodwin
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