Life-cycle Greenhouse-gas Emissions of Energy Sources
A literature review of numerous energy sources CO2 emissions by the IPCC in 2011, found that, the CO2 emission value, that fell within the 50th percentile of all total life cycle emissions studies conducted, was as follows.
| Technology | Description | 50th percentile (g CO2/kWhe) |
|---|---|---|
| Hydroelectric | reservoir | 4 |
| Wind | onshore | 12 |
| Nuclear | various generation II reactor types | 16 |
| Biomass | various | 18 |
| Solar thermal | parabolic trough | 22 |
| Geothermal | hot dry rock | 45 |
| Solar PV | Polycrystaline silicon | 46 |
| Natural gas | various combined cycle turbines without scrubbing | 469 |
| Coal | various generator types without scrubbing | 1001 |
Read more about this topic: Greenhouse Gas
Famous quotes containing the words energy and/or sources:
“In the west, Apollo and Dionysus strive for victory. Apollo makes the boundary lines that are civilization but that lead to convention, constraint, oppression. Dionysus is energy unbound, mad, callous, destructive, wasteful. Apollo is law, history, tradition, the dignity and safety of custom and form. Dionysus is the new, exhilarating but rude, sweeping all away to begin again. Apollo is a tyrant, Dionysus is a vandal.”
—Camille Paglia (b. 1947)
“Even healthy families need outside sources of moral guidance to keep those tensions from imploding—and this means, among other things, a public philosophy of gender equality and concern for child welfare. When instead the larger culture aggrandizes wife beaters, degrades women or nods approvingly at child slappers, the family gets a little more dangerous for everyone, and so, inevitably, does the larger world.”
—Barbara Ehrenreich (20th century)