Atom Economy
Atom economy was designed in a different way to all the other metrics; most of these were designed to measure the improvement that had been made. Barry Trost conversely, designed atom economy as a method by which organic chemists would pursue “greener” chemistry. The simple definition of atom economy is a calculation of how much of the reactants remain in the final product. This is shown below:
For a generic multi-stage reaction: A + B → C C + D → E E + F → G
Atom economy = m.w. of G × 100 Σ (m.w. A,B,D,F)
The drawback of atom economy is that assumptions have to be made. For example, inorganic reagents (such as potassium carbonate in a Williamson ether synthesis) are ignored as they are not incorporated into the final product. Also, solvents are ignored, as is the stoichiometry of the reagents.
The atom economy calculation is a very simple representation of the “green-ness” of a reaction as it can be carried out without the need for experimental results. However, it is useful as a low atom economy at the design stage of a reaction prior to entering the laboratory can drive a cleaner synthetic strategy to be formulated.
Read more about this topic: Green Chemistry Metrics
Famous quotes containing the words atom and/or economy:
“What is the most rigorous law of our being? Growth. No smallest atom of our moral, mental, or physical structure can stand still a year. It grows—it must grow; nothing can prevent it.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)
“Quidquid luce fuit tenebris agit: but also the other way around. What we experience in dreams, so long as we experience it frequently, is in the end just as much a part of the total economy of our soul as anything we “really” experience: because of it we are richer or poorer, are sensitive to one need more or less, and are eventually guided a little by our dream-habits in broad daylight and even in the most cheerful moments occupying our waking spirit.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)