History
Even though GNSS and electronic toll collection have been around for decades, the idea of using satellites for road tolling is quite recent. The first successful demonstration of GNSS Road Pricing systems was given in 1994 during the ETC field trials on the A555 motorway between Bonn and Cologne (Germany). In 1998, the European Union published a report which proposed the use of GNSS to charge vehicles by distance. Germany introduced the first the GNSS road pricing system for truck tolling in 2005. In 2007, the Netherlands legislated the implementation of GNSS road pricing by 2011, and nationwide by 2016. However the project was declared controversial and subsequently put on indefinite hold due to the Dutch government collapse on February 20, 2010. Official rejection of the proposed national road pricing in the Netherlands has been sealed after the largest party in Dutch government, i.e., the CDA, in March 2010.
Read more about this topic: GNSS Road Pricing
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
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—Shoshana Zuboff (b. 1951)