Class 3 (medial Verbs)
- These verbs have the same case marking as class 1 verbs (i.e. aorist series - ergative-nominative; present/future series - nominative-dative; perfective series - dative-nominative), the difference being that they describe intransitive activities: verbs expressing movement, sound and weather are found in this category.
- Therefore, many class 3 verbs do not take a direct object; however some may (e.g. tamashob - to play), whilst others take an obligatory direct object (e.g. q'idulob - to buy).
- Almost all medials form the future/aorist in the same, very regular, way, outlined below.
Full conjugation follows:
Verb root
tamash; infinite form tamashob (to play)
Present subseries
The thematic suffix -ob is present:
| Present indicative | Imperfect | Present subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | v-tamash-ob | v-tamash-ob-d-i | v-tamash-ob-d-e |
| 2s | tamash-ob | tamash-ob-d-i | tamash-ob-d-e |
| 3s | tamash-ob-s | tamash-ob-d-a | tamash-ob-d-e-s |
| 1pl | v-tamash-ob-t | v-tamash-ob-d-i-t | v-tamash-ob-d-e-t |
| 2pl | tamash-ob-t | tamash-ob-d-i-t | tamash-ob-d-e-t |
| 3pl | tamash-ob-en | tamash-ob-d-nen | tamash-ob-d-nen |
Future subseries
A type of preverb i- emerges, in combination with the thematic suffix -eb which replaces -ob (or any thematic suffix):
| Future indicative | Conditional | Future subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | v-i-tamash-eb | v-i-tamash-eb-d-i | v-i-tamash-eb-d-e |
| 2s | i-tamash-eb | i-tamash-eb-d-i | i-tamash-eb-d-e |
| 3s | i-tamash-eb-s | i-tamash-eb-d-a | i-tamash-eb-d-e-s |
| 1pl | v-i-tamash-eb-t | v-i-tamash-eb-d-i-t | v-i-tamash-eb-d-e-t |
| 2pl | i-tamash-eb-t | i-tamash-eb-d-i-t | i-tamash-eb-d-e-t |
| 3pl | i-tamash-eb-en | i-tamash-eb-d-nen | i-tamash-eb-d-nen |
Aorist series
Based on the future form with prefix, but with the loss of the thematic suffix:
| Aorist indicative | Optative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1s | v-i-tamash-e | v-i-tamash-o |
| 2s | i-tamash-e | i-tamash-o |
| 3s | i-tamash-a | i-tamash-o-s |
| 1pl | v-i-tamash-e-t | v-i-tamash-o-t |
| 2pl | i-tamash-e-t | i-tamash-o-t |
| 3pl | i-tamash-es | i-tamash-o-n |
Perfect series
There is no preverb or thematic suffix; subjects are marked in the same way as in class 1 (i.e. with the m- set and appropriate formant vowels). The object (if present in context) is assumed to be 3rd person singular. N.B in this series, for some unknown reason, all screeves allow an optional -n- directly after the stem.
| Perfect | Pluperfect | Perfect subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | m-i-tamash-(n-)i-a | m-e-tamash-(n-)a | m-e-tamash-(n-)o-s |
| 2s | g-i-tamash-(n-)i-a | g-e-tamash-(n-)a | g-e-tamash-(n-)-o-s |
| 3s | u-tamash-(n-)i-a | e-tamash-(n-)a | e-tamash-(n-)-o-s |
| 1pl | gv-i-tamash-(n-)-i-a | gv-e-tamash-(n-)a | gv-e-tamash-(n-)-o-s |
| 2pl | g-i-tamash-(n-)i-a-t | g-e-tamash-(n-)a-t | g-e-tamash-(n-)-o-t |
| 3pl | u-tamash-(n-)i-a-t | e-tamash-(n-)a-t | e-tamash-(n-)-o-t |
Read more about this topic: Georgian Verb Paradigm
Famous quotes containing the word class:
“The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.”
—Karl Marx (1818–1883)