Geology of Europe - Components

Components

Europe consists of the following cratons and terranes and microcontinents:

  • the Baltica craton - Scandinavia, Balticum, Russia, and Northern Poland/Germany,
  • Avalonian fragments - England, Ireland, Netherlands, Northern Germany, etc.,
  • Laurentian (North American) fragments - Western Norway and Scotland,
  • Gondwana Fragments - Spain, Italy??, Malta, possibly belonging to the Cimmerian Arc,
  • Neo-Tethys Ocean floor - the Pyrenees/Alps/Apennine/Balkan Alps/Carpathian complex,
  • The Anatolian part of the Cimmerian Arc originating from Gondwana

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