Geography of Mexico - General Indicators

General Indicators

Climate: varies from tropical to desert.

Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert.

Elevation extremes:

  • lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
  • highest point: Pico de Orizaba volcano 5,610 m

Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas and timber.

Land use:

  • arable land: 12%
  • permanent crops: 1%
  • permanent pastures: 39%
  • forests and woodland: 26%
  • other: 22% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 61,000 km2 (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: Tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts.

Environment – current issues: Natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along the US-Mexico border.

Environment – international agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling and Kyoto Protocol.

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