A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress, τ, is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation.
where: ∂u/∂y is the shear rate or the velocity gradient perpendicular to the plane of shear (SI unit s−1).
The quantity
represents an apparent or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate (SI unit Pa⋅s).
The most commonly used types of generalized Newtonian fluids are:
- Power-law fluid
- Cross fluid
- Carreau fluid
- Second-order fluid
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