Fund For The Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments - The Three Rs

The Three Rs

The Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) strategy was first suggested by zoologist William Russell and microbiologist Rex Burch, with Replacement being the ultimate goal. FRAME campaigns for the replacement of animal testing methods with alternatives that do not use animals. If there is no valid alternative, FRAME believes the number of animals involved should be reduced as far as possible, and the procedures applied should be refined to minimise potential pain and distress.

The FRAME research programme involves both office-based and laboratory-based research. Staff at the Nottingham city offices and the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory at The University of Nottingham Medical School work to find ways in which the use of laboratory animals can be replaced with procedures which employ alternative methods such as cells in culture, computer-based approaches and ethical studies on human cells, tissues and volunteers. Research funded by FRAME has contributed to reducing the number of animals used in research and testing.