Friedrich Ludwig Balthasar Amelung (23 March 1842 – 22 March 1909) was a Baltic German chess player, endgame composer, and journalist.
Amelung was born at Võisiku (German: Woiseck) manor in Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire (present-day Jõgeva County in Estonia). He played a few games with Adolf Anderssen, Gustav Neumann, Carl Mayet, Emil Schallopp, Andreas Ascharin, Emanuel Schiffers. Between 1888 and 1908 he edited the chess magazine Baltische Schachblätter.
He published about 230 endgame studies. He died in Riga.