Fraction (religion) - Eastern Christian

Eastern Christian

In the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine rite, leavened bread is used for the Eucharist. The round loaves, or prosphora, are stamped so that a Greek cross is in the center, with the letters "IC XC NI-KA" (Greek for "Jesus Christ conquers") occupying the quarters formed by the cross' arms. The square portion occupied by this stamp, the "Lamb", is cut out before the Divine Liturgy during the preparatory rite and is the only part consecrated during the Epiclesis. As part of the Liturgy of Preparation, the priest cuts the Lamb part way through crosswise into four sections from the bottom, leaving the bread united by the stamped crust on top.

At the Fraction, which follows the Lord's Prayer and the Elevation, the celebrant breaks the Lamb into four portions along the cuts already made, as he says the words: "Broken and divided is the Lamb of God, which is broken and not disunited, which is ever eaten and never consumed, but sanctifieth those that partake thereof." He then arranges the four pieces crosswise on the edge of the diskos (paten). On the invitation of the deacon, "Fill, Master, the holy chalice," the celebrant takes the piece with the letters "IC" and places it into the chalice saying, "The fulness of the cup, of the faith, of the Holy Spirit."

The portion with the letters "XC" is used for the communion of the clergy. The two portions "NI" and "KA" are divided into small pieces and placed in the chalice for the communion of the people. The portion "IC" is not used for communion, but is consumed by the deacon along with any other consecrated elements left over at the end of the Liturgy (see Ablution in Christianity).

Order of Mass in the Roman Rite

Forms	Pre-Tridentine Mass Tridentine Mass (extraordinary form) Mass of Paul VI

Types	Missa Cantata Coronation Mass Chapter and Conventual Mass High Mass Low Mass Nuptial Mass Papal Mass Pontifical High Mass Red Mass Requiem Mass Missa sine populo Votive Mass

Introductory rites	Vesting prayers Asperges Introit Penitential Rite / Confiteor Kyrie Gloria Collect Dominus Vobiscum Oremus

Liturgy of the Word	First Reading Responsorial Psalm Epistle Gradual Tract sequentia Alleluia Gospel homily Credo (Nicene Creed) General Intercessions

Liturgy of the Eucharist	Offertory Orate fratres Secret prayer Eucharistic Prayer Canon of the Mass (texts & rubrics / history) Preface (Sursum corda / Sanctus / Hosanna) Words of Institution (Transubstantiation) Elevation Memorial Acclamation / Mystery of faith Epiclesis Lord's Prayer Embolism Doxology Sign of peace / Pax Agnus Dei Fraction Holy Communion Communion (chant) Ablutions Postcommunion (Thanksgiving) Dismissal (Ite missa est / Benedicamus Domino) Last Gospel

Participants	Acolyte altar server (female) bishop boat boy cantor choir crucifer deacon Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion laity (Eucharistic Congress) lector priest subdeacon usher

Parts of the Sanctuary/Altar	altar crucifix ambo altar rails Credence table lavabo tabernacle misericord piscina kneeler

Altar cloths	altar linens corporal pall purificator lavabo towel burse chalice veil antependium

Candles and lamps	altar candle altar candlestick Paschal candle sanctuary lamp triple candlestick votive candle

Liturgical vessels	aspergillum ciborium chalice cruet paten pyx

Liturgical objects	altar bell collection basket flabellum funghellino holy water incense (use) processional cross sacramental bread (wafer) sacramental wine (or must) thurible water

Liturgical books of the Roman Rite	collectarium evangeliary lectionary (revised) Roman Missal Roman Pontifical sacramentary

Vestments (pontifical)	Alb chasuble dalmatic episcopal sandals headcover humeral veil mantilla manuterge pallium stole surplice tunicle vimpa

Concepts and actions	Antiphon Blood of Christ Body of Christ church etiquette closed communion commemoration Communion and the developmentally disabled Communion under both kinds Crucifixion of Jesus (atonement) ecclesiastical Latin Eucharistic discipline music Eucharistic fast First Communion General Instruction of the Roman Missal genuflection grace (ex opere operato) Host desecration infant communion In persona Christi intercession of saints intinction Koinonia the Last Supper liturgical colours liturgical year (proper) Melchizedek priesthood Order of Mass prayer (effects of prayer) Ordines Romani Real Presence reserved sacrament responsory Sign of the Cross Sunday (Lord's Day) viaticum

Related	Agape feast benediction of the Blessed Sacrament Catholic liturgy Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments Council of Trent church music (Mass) Corpus Christi (feast) Ecclesia de Eucharistia Epiousios Eucharistic adoration Eucharistic miracle Eucharistic theology Fourth Council of the Lateran historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology Holy day of obligation Liturgical Movement Missale Romanum Mysterium Fidei (encyclical) origin of the Eucharist Pope Pius XII Liturgy Reforms Pro multis Quo Primum Roman Catholic theology Sacraments of the Catholic Church sacristy Summorum Pontificum traditionalist Catholic Tra le sollecitudini Vatican II (Sacrosanctum Concilium) Year of the Eucharist

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