List of Countries By Foreign-exchange Reserves
See also: List of countries by foreign-exchange reservesThe following is a list of the top largest systems by foreign exchange reserves:
| Rank | Country | Billion USD (end of month) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | People's Republic of China | $ 3,285 (Sep 2012) |
| 2 | Japan | $ 1,277 (Sep 2012) |
| - | Eurozone | $ 903 (Aug 2012) |
| 3 | Saudi Arabia | $ 614 (Aug 2012) |
| 4 | Russia | $ 530 (Oct 2012) |
| 5 | Switzerland | $ 525 (Sep 2012) |
| 6 | Republic of China (Taiwan) | $ 398 (Sep 2012) |
| 7 | Brazil | $ 378 (Oct 2012) |
| 8 | South Korea | $ 317 (Aug 2012) |
| - | Hong Kong | $ 298 (Aug 2012) |
| 9 | India | $ 290 (Aug 2012) |
| 10 | Germany | $ 263 (Sep 2012) |
The following is a list of inter-governmental free-trade associations and supranational organizations.
| Rank | Country | Billion USD (end of month) |
|---|---|---|
| – | European Economic Area | $ 1 416 (Feb 2011) |
| – | European Union | $ 1 356 (Feb 2011) |
These few holders account for more than 60% of total world foreign currency reserves. The adequacy of the foreign exchange reserves is more often expressed not as an absolute level, but as a percentage of short-term foreign debt, money supply, or average monthly imports.
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