Timeline
| Date of transfer | Targeted group | Approximate numbers | Place of initial residence | Transfer destination | Stated reasons for transfer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1920 | Cossacks, Terek Cossacks | 45,000 | North Caucasus | Ukrainian SSR, northern Russian SFSR | "Decossackization", stopping Russian colonisation of North Caucasus | |
| 1921 | Cossacks, Semirechye Cossacks | Semirechye | Extreme North, concentration camps | "Decossackization", stopping Russian colonisation of Turkestan | ||
| September 1922 | "Socially dangerous elements" | 18,000 | Western border regions of Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR | Western Siberia, Far East | Social threat | |
| 1930–1936 | Kulaks | 2,323,000 | "Regions of total collectivization", most of Russia, Ukraine, other regions | Northern Russian SFSR, Ural, Siberia, North Caucasus, Kazakh ASSR, Kyrgyz ASSR | Collectivization | |
| November–December 1932 | Peasants | 45,000 | Krasnodar Krai (Russia) | Northern Russia | Sabotage | |
| 1933 | Nomadic Kazakhs | 200,000 | Kazakh SSR | China, Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey | ||
| February–May 1935 | Ingrian Finns | 30,000 | Leningrad Oblast (Russia) | Vologda Oblast, Western Siberia, Kazakh SSR, Tajik SSR | ||
| February–March 1935 | Germans, Poles | 412,000 | Central and western Ukrainian SSR | Eastern Ukrainian SSR | ||
| May 1935 | Germans, Poles | 45,000 | Border regions of Ukrainian SSR | Kazakh SSR | ||
| July 1937 | Kurds | 2,000 | Border regions of Georgian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Turkmenian SSR, Uzbek SSR, and Tajik SSR | Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR | ||
| September–October 1937 | Koreans | 172,000 | Far East | Northern Kazakh SSR, Uzbek SSR | ||
| September–October 1937 | Chinese, Harbin Russians | 9,000 | Southern Far East | Kazakh SSR, Uzbek SSR | ||
| 1938 | Persian Jews | 6,000 | Mary Province (Turkmen SSR) | Deserted areas of northern Turkmen SSR | ||
| January 1938 | Azeris, Persians, Kurds, Assyrians | n/a | Azerbaijan SSR | Kazakh SSR | Iranian citizenship | |
| February–June 1940 | Poles (including refugees from Poland) | 276,000 | Western Ukrainian SSR, western Byelorussian SSR | Northern Russian SFSR, Ural, Siberia, Kazakh SSR, Uzbek SSR | ||
| July 1940 | "Foreigners" / "Other ethnicities" - Norwegian, Swede, Lithuanian & Latvian | 8,627 | Murmansk Oblast (Russia) | Karelo-Finnish SSR and Altai Krai (Russia) | ||
| May–June 1941 | "Counter-revolutionaries and nationalists" | 107,000 | Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR | Siberia, Kirov (Russian SFSR), Komi (Russian SFSR), Kazakh SSR | ||
| September 1941 – March 1942 | Germans | More than 780,000 | Povolzhye, the Caucasus, Crimea, Ukrainian SSR, Moscow, central Russian SFSR | Kazakh SSR, Siberia | ||
| September 1941 | Ingrian Finns, Germans | 91,000 | Leningrad Oblast (Russian SFSR) | Kazakh SSR, Siberia, Astrakhan Oblast (Russian SFSR), Far East | ||
| 1942 | Ingrian Finns | 9,000 | Leningrad Oblast (Russian SFSR) | Eastern Siberia, Far East | ||
| April 1942 | Greeks, Romanians, etc. | n/a | Crimea, North Caucasus | n/a | ||
| June 1942 | Germans, Romanians, Crimean Tatars, Greeks with foreign citizenship | n/a | Krasnodar Krai (Russian SFSR) | n/a | ||
| August 1943 | Karachais | 70,500 | Karachay–Cherkess AO, Stavropol Krai (Russian SFSR) | Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR, other | Banditism, other | |
| December 1943 | Kalmyks | 93,000 | Kalmyk ASSR, (Russian SFSR) | Kazakh SSR, Siberia | ||
| February 1944 | Chechens, Ingush, Balkars | 522,000 | North Caucasus | Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR | 1940-1944 insurgency in Chechnya | |
| February 1944 | Kalmyks | 3,000 | Rostov Oblast (Russian SFSR) | Siberia | ||
| March 1944 | Kurds, Azeris | 3,000 | Tbilisi (Georgian SSR) | Southern Georgian SSR | ||
| May 1944 | Balkars | 100 | Northern Georgian SSR | Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR | ||
| May 1944 | Crimean Tatars | 191,014 | Crimea | Uzbek SSR | ||
| May–June 1944 | Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, Turks | 42,000 | Crimea | Uzbek SSR (?) | ||
| May–July 1944 | Kalmyks | 26,000 | Northeastern regions | Central Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR | ||
| June 1944 | Kalmyks | 1,000 | Volgograd Oblast (Russian SFSR) | Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian SFSR) | ||
| June 1944 | Kabardins | 2,000 | Kabardino-Balkar ASSR, (Russian SFSR) | Southern Kazakh SSR | Collaboration with the Nazis | |
| July 1944 | Russian True Orthodox Church members | 1,000 | Central Russian SFSR | Siberia | ||
| August–September 1944 | Poles | 30,000 | Ural, Siberia, Kazakh SSR | Ukrainian SSR, European Russia | ||
| November 1944 | Meskhetian Turks, Kurds, Hamshenis, Karapapaks | 92,000 | Southwestern Georgian SSR | Uzbek SSR, Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR | ||
| November 1944 | Lazes and other inhabitants of the border zone | 1,000 | Ajarian ASSR (Georgian SSR) | Uzbek SSR, Kazakh SSR, Kyrgyz SSR | ||
| December 1944 | Members of the Volksdeutsche families | 1,000 | Mineralnye Vody (Russian SFSR) | Siberia (according to other sources Tajik SSR) | Collaboration with the Nazis | |
| January 1945 | "Traitors and collaborators" | 2,000 | Mineralnye Vody (Russian SFSR) | Tajik SSR | Collaboration with the Nazis | |
| 1945–1950 | Germans | Tens of thousands | Königsberg | West or Middle Germany | Soviet Union got new territory | |
| 1947 | Ukrainians | 200,000 | People's Republic of Poland | Former eastern territories of Germany | ||
| May 1948 | Kulaks | 49,000 | Lithuanian SSR | Eastern Siberia | Banditism | |
| June 1948 | Greeks, Armenians | 58,000 | The Black Sea coast of Russian SFSR | Southern Kazakh SSR | For Armenians: membership in the nationalist Dashnaktsutiun Party | |
| June 1948 | "Spongers" ("тунеядцы") | 16,000 | n/a | n/a | "Social parasitism" | |
| October 1948 | Kulaks | 1,000 | Izmail Oblast (Ukrainian SSR) | Western Siberia | ||
| 1948—1951 | Azeris | 100,000 | Armenian SSR | Kura-Aras Lowland, Azerbaijan SSR | "Measures for resettlement of collective farm workers" | |
| March 1949 | Kulaks | 94,000 | Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Estonian SSR | Siberia, Far East | Banditism | |
| May–June 1949 | Armenians, Turks, Greeks | n/a | The Black Sea coast (Russian SFSR), South Caucasus | Southern Kazakh SSR | Membership in the nationalist Dashnaktsutiun Party (Armenians), Greek or Turkish citizenship (Greeks), other | |
| July 1949 – May 1952 | Kulaks | 78,400 | Moldavian SSR, the Baltic States, western Byelorussian SSR, western Ukrainian SSR, Pskov Oblast (Russian SFSR) | Siberia, Kazakh SSR, Far East | Banditism, other | |
| March 1951 | Basmachis | 3,000 | Tajik SSR | Northern Kazakh SSR | ||
| April 1951 | Jehovah's Witnesses | 8,576 | Mostly from Moldavian SSR and Ukrainian SSR | Western Siberia | Operation North | |
| May 1951 | Japanese, Koreans | 575,000 | Mostly from Sakhalin, Kuril Islands | Siberia, Far East, North Korea, Japan | Soviet Union acquired new territories. |
Read more about this topic: Forced Migration In The Soviet Union