The five-number summary is a descriptive statistic that provides information about a set of observations. It consists of the five most important sample percentiles:
- the sample minimum (smallest observation)
- the lower quartile or first quartile
- the median (middle value)
- the upper quartile or third quartile
- the sample maximum (largest observation)
In order for these statistics to exist the observations must be from a univariate variable that can be measured on an ordinal, interval or ratio scale.
Read more about Five-number Summary: Use and Representation, Example
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