Background
The Fitna arose out of a dispute at the end of the reign of Uthman, the third caliph. Uthman was besieged in his house by rebels and rioters, culminating in his assassination in July 656. The main reason for their dissatisfaction with Uthman was his appointing of family members as governors in key Islamic provinces. Ali ibn Abi Talib was then chosen by the public as the fourth Caliph (see Ali#Election as Caliph).
Read more about this topic: First Fitna
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