Finno-Permic Languages

The Finno-Permic languages (also Finno-Permian and Fenno-Permic/Permian) are a traditional but disputed group of the Uralic languages that comprises the Baltic-Finnic languages, Sami languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages, and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC. Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is questioned.

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, based on an earlier belief that Permic languages would be much more closely related to the Baltic Finnic languages than to the Ugric languages. (In Finnish scholarly usage Finnic most often refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.)

Interpretation of grouping the Finnic/Finno-Permic languages can vary among different scholars, though all variations treat Permic as a primary division. The following proposals for classification are listed by Ruhlen (1987) and by Angela Marcantonio in 2002:

Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by
Collinder, 1965		 Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by
Austerlitz 1968		 Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by
Sauvageot & Menges 1973		 Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by
Harms 1974		 Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by
Vogelin & Vogelin 1977
  • 1.Mordvin
  • 2.Mari (Cheremis)
  • 3.Baltic Finnic
  • 4.Saamic
  • 5.Permic
  • 1.Permic
  • 2.Volgaic
  • 3.North Finnic
    • Saamic
    • Baltic Finnic
  • 1. Baltic Finnic
  • 2. Saamic
  • 3. Volgaic
  • 4. Permic
  • 1. Permic
  • 2. Mari (Cheremis)
  • 3. West Finnic
    • Mordvin
    • North Finnic
      • Saamic
      • Baltic Finnic
  • 1. Permic
  • 2. Finno Volgaic
    • Volgaic
    • Finno-Lappic
      • Saamic
      • Baltic Finnic
Uralic languages
Finnic
  • Estonian
  • Finnish
    • Kven
    • Meänkieli
  • Ingrian
  • Karelian
    • Ludic
    • Olonets Karelian
  • Livonian
  • South Estonian
    • Võro
    • Seto
  • Veps
  • Votic
Sami
  • Akkala
  • Inari
  • Kemi
  • Kildin
  • Lule
  • Northern
  • Pite
  • Skolt
  • Southern
  • Ter
  • Ume
Miscellanea
  • Mari
    • Hill
    • Meadow
  • Mordvinic
    • Erzya
    • Moksha
  • Meshcherian
  • Merya
  • Muromian
Permic
  • Komi
    • Zyrian
    • Permyak
    • Yodzyak
  • Udmurt
Ugric
  • Hungarian
  • Khanty
  • Mansi
Samoyedic
  • Enets
  • Yurats
  • Forest Nenets
  • Tundra Nenets
  • Nganasan
  • Kamassian
  • Mator
  • Selkup
Italics indicate extinct languages

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