Extremes of The European Continent, Including Islands
- Northernmost point. Cape Fligely, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia (81° 48′ 24″ N). Franz Josef Land is near the ill-defined border between Europe and Asia; if it is not considered a part of Europe, then the northernmost point is on the island of Rossøya, Svalbard (81°N).
- Southernmost point. The island of Gavdos, Greece (34° 48′ 02″ N) is the least ambiguous southernmost point of Europe. However, there are other contenders, depending on definition. The island of Cyprus has cultural links with Europe; its southernmost point is the British base at Akrotiri. The Portuguese islands of Madeira are borderline between Europe and Africa; their southernmost point is the Savage Islands. La Restinga on the island of El Hierro in the Spanish Canary Islands is yet further south and could be considered politically, though not physiographically as part of Europe.
- Westernmost point. Fajã Grande on Flores Island in the Azores, Portugal (31° 13' W).
- Easternmost point. Cape Flissingski (69° 02′ E), Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya, Russia.
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