A qualification introduced by Jeremy Bentham, to distinguish between two different types of utilities, or, rather, sources of utility (for utility, being identical to pleasure, remains always qualitatively the same). Expectation utilities are future-regarding, and thus imply desires and beliefs; "natural" utilities are not. Expectation utilities allow for long-term projects, which provide a higher proportion of utility than the natural utilities favored by those agents that can only pursue their immediate interest.
Famous quotes containing the words expectation and/or utilities:
“No expectation fails there,
No pleasing habit ends,
No man grows old, no girl grows cold,
But friends walk by friends.”
—William Butler Yeats (1865–1939)
“Flowers ... are a proud assertion that a ray of beauty outvalues all the utilities of the world.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)