The Methodology of Evidence-based Policy
There are many methodologies for evidence-based policy but they all share the following characteristics:
- It tests a theory as to why the policy will be effective and what the impacts of the policy will be if it is successful
- Inclusion of a counterfactual: what would have occurred if the policy had not been implemented
- They incorporate some measurement of the impact
- Examines both direct and indirect effects that occur because of the policy
- Separates the uncertainties and controls for other influences outside of the policy that may have an effect on the outcome
- Should be able to be tested and replicated by a third party
The form of methodology used with evidence-based policy fit under the category of a cost-benefit framework and are created to estimate a net payoff is the policy was to be implemented. Because there is a difficulty in quantifying some effects and outcomes of the policy, it is mostly focused broadly on whether or not benefits will outweigh costs, instead of using specific values.
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