In the Hungarian language the essive-formal case combines the essive case and the formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal"). The status of the suffix -ként in the declension system is disputed for several reasons. First, in general, Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, while -ként permits further suffixation by the locative suffix -i. Second, most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while -ként does not. For these reasons, many modern analyses of the Hungarian case system, starting with László Antal's "A magyar esetrendszer" (1961) do not consider the essive-formal to be a case.
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Grammatical cases
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- List of cases
- Declension
- Morphosyntactic alignment
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Cases
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| Morphosyntactic alignment |
- Absolutive
- Accusative
- Direct
- Ergative
- Intransitive
- Nominative
- Oblique
- Partitive
- Pegative
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| Location, time, direction |
- Ablative
- Addirective
- Adelative
- Adessive
- Allative
- Antessive
- Apudessive
- Delative
- Distantitive
- Distributive (–temporal)
- Egressive
- Elative
- Illative
- Inelative
- Inessive
- Initiative
- Intrative
- Lative
- Locative
- Medial
- Perlative
- Pertingent
- Postdirective
- Postelative
- Postessive
- Prolative
- Prosecutive
- Proximative
- Separative
- Subdirective
- Subelative
- Subessive
- Sublative
- Superdirective
- Superelative
- Superessive
- Superlative
- Temporal
- Terminative
- Vialis
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| Possession, companion, instrument |
- Abessive
- Associative
- Caritive
- Comitative
- Dative
- Genitive
- Instrumental (–comitative)
- Ornative
- Possessed
- Possessive
- Privative
- Sociative
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| State, manner |
- Adverbial
- Comparative
- Equative
- Essive (–formal, –modal)
- Exessive
- Formal
- Identical
- Instructive
- Modal
- Multiplicative
- Orientative
- Revertive
- Semblative
- Translative
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| Cause, purpose |
- Aversive
- Benefactive
- Causal (–final)
- Evitative
- Final
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| Other |
- Dubitive
- Postpositional
- Prepositional
- Vocative
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Declensions
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- Czech
- English (Middle English)
- Finnish
- German
- Gothic
- Irish
- Latin
- Latvian
- Lithuanian
- Serbo-Croatian
- Slovak
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