- Madonna – vocals, production
- Shep Pettibone – production, engineering, keyboard, sequencing
- André Betts – production, synthesizer, bass, piano, strings, drums, keyboard, synthesizer strings
- Emile Charlap – contractor
- Donna De Lory and Niki Haris – background vocals
- Jerome Dickens – guitar
- Glen Dicterow – conductor, concert master
- Anton Fig – drums
- Mark Goodman – vocals, assistant engineer
- Joe Moskowitz – drums, keyboard, programming
- Dave Murphy – voices
- Paul Pesco – guitar
- James Preston – piano, keyboard, synthesizer strings
|
- Tony Shimkin – keyboard, background vocals, engineer, sequencing, drum programming, programming
- Danny Wilensky – saxophone
- Doug Wimbish – bass
- Mike Farrell - engineer
- Robin Hancock - engineer, mixing
- George Karras - engineer
- P. Dennis Mitchell - engineer
- Ted Jensen - mastering
- Sander Selover - programming
- Jeremy Lublock - string arrangements
- Siung Fat Tjia - art direction, design
- Steven Meisel - photography
|