Ernst Fuchs (14 June 1851, Kritzendorf – November 21, 1930, Vienna) was an Austrian ophthalmologist and physician best known for his contribution to description and identification of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) in 1906, Fuchs's dystrophy, and his contributions in the field of ophthalmology including but not limited to Fuchs spot. In 1910, Fuchs reported 13 cases of bilateral central corneal clouding in elderly patients. Fuchs originally referred to it as "dystrophia epithelialis corneae." Fuchs' influences on the field of ophthalmology are well recognized and best exemplified in his many books including a book on the anatomy of the eye, titled Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde which he published in Vienna around 1890. Fuchs was not only famous for his publications and books which earned the title "bible of ophthalmology" for at least 50 years, but also for his astute ability as a teacher and an educator influencing a new generation of German, Austrian, and indeed global ophthalmologists.
During his period of clinical practice and education, Austria and particularly Vienna became the centre of ophthalmology world-wide. In fact, Fuchs' success was not limited to Austria-Hungary or Germany, but he was known globally and his works were published in Japanese, Chinese, and English languages. Fuchs also had many international patients, including the wife of Naser al-Din, the Qajar Shah of Persia and a group of his entourage, who came to Fuchs for treatment of cataracts.